ABSTRACT
Objectives: In response to the disruption of in-person healthcare visits during the Covid-19 pandemic in the US, public and private payers expanded their coverage and reimbursement for telehealth (TH) services starting March 2020. To account for this new driver of healthcare resource utilization, we created a standardized definition of TH utilization from administrative claims to improve research quality. We used this definition to investigate trends in TH utilization in a large US commercially insured/Medicare Advantage/Supplement population. Methods: Administrative claims from 1/1/2006 to 8/31/2021 from the HealthCore Integrated Research Database® were used to identify TH claims. We defined TH based on outpatient claims containing at least one of the following TH designations (not mutually exclusive): place of service codes, CPT codes, CPT modifiers, and certain Tax IDs from known telehealth providers. Coding patterns and TH utilization over time were evaluated. All analyses were descriptive. Results: Over the 15-year period, 57% of TH claims occurred in 2020 and an additional 39% in 2021 (through August). In 2019/2020/2021, the share of outpatient claims designated as TH was 0.1%/4.8%/4.4%. Utilization was slightly higher among commercially-insured compared to Medicare Advantage/Supplement patients (5.0% vs. 3.9% in 2020). Most TH use was identified via CPT modifier codes (80%), followed by place of service codes (53%). Evaluation & management visits and specialist physician services each accounted for approximately 45% of all TH claims. Approximately 8% of TH claims were for audio-only visits based on submitted codes. Conclusions: We created a standardized algorithm to identify TH using claims data. Consistent with prior reports, TH utilization increased substantially following onset of the Covid-19 pandemic in conjunction with increased coverage and reimbursement for the service. Incorporation of TH utilization via this algorithm is an essential tool for all health economic and outcomes research studies evaluating time periods from 2020 and beyond.